Society demand services and rapid responses to the changes taking place in the labour market. Decision making in the labour institutions act is based on information and analysis. This is enhanced by the Observatory of the SEPE Occupations, a system of information and knowledge of the labour market which analyses the situation, evolution, behavior, and labour market trends, in its various dimensions and prospects. it does diagnoses and proposals for the purpose of orienting public institutions in developing their socio-economic policies and programmes, training and employment, as well as the business sector and caregivers to define their professional profiles and improve their employability

Keywords: information, analysis of employment, labour market, labour market indicators, data,

The labour market is undergoing change disruptive influenced by factors such as globalisation, demographic changes and new work culture; technological advances, scanning or artificial intelligence; and the environmental and ecological concerns because, in essence, the climate change. These digital and technological change is being restructured the job profiles; are disappearing occupations, some be maintained, but with an adaptation of the powers and, in addition, there are other new conditional, sometimes, the changes.

This is doing the emergence of a limited number of enormous complexity and great uncertainty. In this context, the workplace has become a central element, which have accelerated the changes and transformations, which is necessary to recognize and diagnose with utmost speed. Thus, the analysis of the various indicators and sources of the labour market has become a necessity for the various public officials, social partners and various institutions. This is a key element for programming, formulation and evaluation of employment policies and training. That is why labour information systems, which have proliferated in recent years in most countries, both in public and private, are acquired particular relevance and role.

Decision-making in the labour institutions act is based on the information and analysis; however, if the available data are insufficient, unreliable or outdated, activities supported in such information may be doomed to fail. That is why, for access to reliable and timely information — in any Field or social phenomenon — a strategy is needed to be made available for it.

This is, among other functions of an observatory, detect your niche and added value is to seek information, to decode their relevance, organise it consistently and submit it very clear. In general the observatories have been defined as knowledge systems and, as diagnostic meeting spaces and consensus and as tools to support the decision-making and the formulation and evaluation of public policies. Its activities are oriented to determine and provide socio-economic developments and especially the characteristics and transformation of the labour market by means of analysis methodologies for social research and prospective, using qualitative and quantitative techniques.

In 1978 the INSTITUTE (INEM) (national employment institute) took the management of training and employment. This body, not alien to these challenges, created in 1987 the Permanent Observatory of the evolution of occupations as an instrument to identify the needs and requirements of the labour market. However, this structure did not have to reflect the legislative Act 1 / 1990 the General education, in which there are two basic instruments: the Permanent Observatory and sectoral studies.

Was the employment act of the year 2003 that definitely coined the term of The Observatory of occupations in the public employment service Estatal (hereinafter the SEPE) with a network throughout the state, without prejudice to the trajectory played and the work already undertaken in this line from its origin.
From the year 1991 we are undertaking such transfers of power in the management of the so-called vocational occupational training to the autonomous communities and in 1997 concerning governance in the area of work and employment.

The National Police released 14 victims of trafficking who are sexually exploited after being lured to work in geriatric centres

The Observatory of occupations, as adopted by the state is justified by the fact that society demand services and rapid responses to the changes taking place in the labour market: public administration must have clear and rapid diagnoses to design policies and plans of employment, training institutions should plan for the training programmes, the successful people need to have criteria for decision-making, business professionals seeking skilled workers to meet their needs and training centres require information on the new content or specialities. This is in addition to cover different territorial areas, from local to national, the various professional profiles and the whole productive fabric.

This knowledge of the labour market, from the perspective offered by the observatory of the SEPE, becomes a very useful tool to combat unemployment and facilitate the filling of vacancies. Have a unit capable of rapid diagnostics, accurate information about the employment situation, provides important advantages and guides the decision-making.

The Observatory of the SEPE manages its own sources, as records on recruitment, profiles of the complainants registered at employment offices or offers of jobs of employers, sources that, combined with other external sources, allow you to play an active role in the analysis and diagnosis of the labour market.

The Observatory of the SEPE is a tool that promotes consensus and meeting between the various social actors involved in the labour market, because it benefits and advantages:

• The lead agency for vocational training for employment has a tool for designing programmes of training.
• The productive fabric may dispose of skilled human resources and tailored to the needs of each job.
• Workers receive counselling and appropriate training and can take decisions on their professional future and to improve their living conditions of employability.
• The employment service has a tool to facilitate the linkage between supply and demand, which proposes, therefore, mediation in the labour market, as well as to elaborate, in a future, the national policy for promoting employment.
  

3 . 1 Definition.

The SEPE observatory is conceived as a system of information and knowledge of the labour market. It is a unit of studies and situation analysis, evolution, behavior, and labour market trends, in its various dimensions and prospects. it does diagnoses and proposals with the aim of helping to plan and schedule vocational training for employment as well as to develop effective measures to promote the creation and maintenance of employment, to enable the integration and rehabilitation work and, ultimately, the fight against unemployment.

3 . 2 Normative Framework.

Law 3 / 2023 , 28 february, of employment, the item 20 defines the nature and the legal system in the future Spanish Agency for employment as a public agency to the ministry of labour and Social Economy, through the secretariat of state of employment and Social economy. Between their competences identifies in its item 22 subparagraph (f) “ Managing the observatory of occupations, with a network throughout the state, to analyse the situation and trends of the labour market and the situation of training, in collaboration with the autonomous communities ”.

For its part, the law 30 / 2015 , 9 september, which regulates the system of vocational training for employment in the workplace, the item 4 concerning prospecting and detection of training needsindicates the following:

1 . The ministry of labour and Social Economy, The observatory of the public employment service State, in coordination and cooperation with the autonomous communities in the exercise of its powers, through the sectoral conference on employment and Labour Matters, and the social partners, through the General council of national employment System, develop a permanent feature of prospecting and detection of training needs of the productive system, to provide effective responses to the needs of advanced training and labour market, and to anticipate change and to respond to the demand that we can produce qualified workers, thereby contributing to the professional and personal development of workers and the competitiveness of enterprises.

2 . The realization of the above-mentioned role will include at least the following activities:

a) the development of a methodology and forward looking analysis tool, which defined formal procedures for their development and dissemination and translation of their results to the programming of the educational opportunities.

(b) the empowerment of the initiatives of identification of needs through coordination of the different actors can make to the process, in particular, the sectoral joint structures, promoting a framework for the exchange of information and knowledge-sharing.

(c) the identification of gaps and specific training needs of workers, through an analysis of your professional profile, so that they can gain the necessary skills to avoid distortions in the requirements of qualifications of the productive system.

In this regard, the SEPE has a tool of analysis, with national coverage, which allows timely diagnose labour market at all levels.

3 . 3 Mission.

The mission of the observatory of the SEPE is permanent monitoring of the labour market at the national and provincial levels, as well as from the sectoral and occupational health, to know their reality and provide for the development of training curricula and the design of programmes of support, maintenance and promotion of employment.

3 . 4 Vision.

For its part, the vision is to establish and consolidate a network of permanent follow-up on the dynamics of labour markets, territorial, land use, occupational collective and to predict trends in the short and medium term, with a view to direct public institutions in developing their socio-economic policies and programmes, training and employment, as well as the business sector and caregivers to define their professional profiles and achieve their employability.

(b. Organizes its work and their work in a network of analysts at the national and provincial levels.

Does a programming of activities that is flexible and able to adapt to the contingencies of context. The analysis, processing of data, as well as the reports are prepared with some speed to facilitate its use by different types of users.

d. One of the objectives of the Observatory is that knowledge of the reality of the labour market on intervening in it to define standards of management and facilitate labour intermediation and improve training for employment.

f. Participates in events related to the labour market, such as: working groups, job fairs, seminars, forums, seminars, workshops, research groups, lectures, colloquies, etc. These activities are developed with the aim should be kept open and updated within the dynamics of market analysis.

. This used tools for developing indicators on the effectiveness of the activity of the unit as a whole. This is done with the aim of correct and improve the dynamics of work and the quality of information generated.

The Observatory of the SEPE endorses the 10 fundamental principles of official statistics adopted by the statistical commission of the united nations 1994 and described in detail in the UNECE ¹ . To highlight some of them:

• Relevance, impartiality and equal access. Official statistical agencies have to compile and provide impartial official statistics of proven usefulness for citizens to exercise their right to public information.
• Professional standards, scientific and ethical principles. In order to maintain confidence in the official statistics, statistical agencies are to decide on the methods and procedures for meeting the processing, storage and presentation of statistical data.
• Accountability and transparency. To facilitate a correct interpretation of data, statistical agencies should present information according to scientific standards on the sources, methods and procedures of statistics.
• Official statistics. Data for statistical purposes may be drawn from all sources, be they statistical surveys or administrative records. Statistical agencies are to choose the source with regard to quality, timeliness, costs and burdens placed on respondents.
• Confidentiality. The individual data collected by statistical agencies to compile statistics relating to natural or legal person, must be strictly confidential and used exclusively for statistical purposes.

The reader, the target audiences must feel that it can rely on SEPE observatory as a system of information and knowledge of the labour market. The data collection, analysis should be informative and allow for the debate, but never the topics in themselves should be discussed.

In addition, the labour market information to the permanent guidance meets, according to the criteria of quality of CEDEFOP ² with the following points:

• Accuracy, for example, statistically reliable.
• Integrity, e.g. as sectors, regions...
• Temporality: recent data and updated frequently.
• Relevant to the needs of users and adapted to your needs.
• Attractive and available in different formats (graphics, tables, charts, graphs or videos).
• Accessibility, taking into account the differing capacities and circumstances of users, texts easy to understand, access without registration and free of charge.
• Impartiality: on the one hand, information must be the sole interest of users and should not be influenced by the provider or institutional or economic interests and, secondly, it must not discriminate on grounds of gender, age, ethnicity, social class, education or capabilities.
• The data should be comparable in time and in different geographical levels.
• Inclusion of local or regional information in order to show the possibilities of the place, in addition to the potential for other areas.
• Transparent, so that it indicate data sources.
• Easy to update.
  

The organizational structure of the observatory of the SEPE is a key factor for guaranteeing and its operation. It Is a functional unit attached to the sub-department of Statistics and Information for central services (or unit take his place at the entry into force of the next Spanish Agency of employment) which determines the strategic objectives in accordance with applicable regulations.

It consists of a network spread throughout the national territory, whose central structure plans and coordinates the work of the experts and specialists in labour market of the fifty-two Provincial Directorates of the SEPE.

This network is organized in task forces led by the co-ordinators, which are the persons responsible for deploying the operational objectives. These teams complement each other to achieve an interrelationship between methodologies and processed products.

Therefore, the observatory of the SEPE is territorial and organizationally structured in two operational levels: central and state/provincial/peripheral.

As a result of this network structure, including the dynamic relationship are made annually, the technical workshop involving all analysts of the network. Also there are regular face-to-face meetings or virtual central unit with the coordination of equipment, as well as the own working groups to share experiences, knowledge, skills and practices and review, evaluate and, where appropriate, to rectify the operation.

According to the type of workshop, or face-to-day meeting being held, it raises the stakes on the central unit or provincial, on a rotating basis and it participates in all or part of the observatory network.

The Observatory of the SEPE is headed by a technical area that has the main role of coordination, management and overall supervision of the activity of the state network. Some of the functions of the Technical area are related to strategic planning unit to guide the operational planning of the unit; monitoring and evaluation processes, products and goals and to coordinate and monitor the delivery of outputs and activities; disseminating results and outputs and participate in conferences, seminars or conferences related to the theme of employment; the promotion of alliances and cooperation with other agencies, organizations and public and private institutions, which also generate information; and the identification of training needs and the competences of the human resources that make up the whole team.

Since the central services coordination teams and all provincial units, without prejudice, in the latter case, of the organizational unit of each Provincial Directorate of the SEPE seeks to develop research, national or provincial and implement the technical tools (questionnaires, interviews, scripts scripts group meetings...) the provision of information; maintaining and updating databases at: data of the information system of public employment services (SISPE), external data to the agency and the observatory's own data, as well as exploitation of data for all geographical Areas; to facilitate the information produced to our clients as well as the dissemination of products and the exchange of information with other institutions and bodies and groups, both national and autonomous and provincial levels.

For its part, the duties of the provincial units envisaged, within the ambit of provincial and local levels analyse and use data, as well as maintenance of updated trend in employment; to capture data from external sources; coordinate and develop general reports and requesting those specific users of the territorial scope; provide technical advice in matters related to the labour market, employment and vocational training and disseminate products; and update the database of users and experts and key informants that shape and nurture national basis.

To conclude this structure of functions and, therefore, in order to ensure effective capacity and responsibility, its tasks, the observatory of the SEPE has the support, firstly, of the sub-department of information and communications. Its mission has a double function; on the one hand, it provides technical support and support to operational management through the establishment and maintenance of network services and support (hardware and software) and maintenance of updated databases own and the necessary support to the programme level.

Secondly, of the subdirectorate for institutional relations and Legal assistance. Its work is essential in the dissemination via the web of products and services, creating a space that identifies you as a unit of easy and quick access, integrated into the website of the agency, but with a separate entity.

The labour market is characterized by dynamism, complexity and diversity of different dimensions, from which one can address their analysis. Therefore, investigations by the observatory of the SEPE have an approach both qualitative and quantitative, and with maximum data, make specific reference to the following areas.

7 . 1 Territorial area: municipal, provincial, autonomous community and state levels.

It is maintaining a balance between the necessary analysis of the national territory as a whole and individual characteristics and specificities of the rest of territorial areas that are, in many cases, the true generator of employment.

Local development has highlighted the potential of use of the small territories, identifying constraints, detecting the possibilities and coordinate at the same time the different actors.

This consideration also be transferred to the working dynamic; in this regard, the observatory is a network of the whole national territory, therefore, users and interlocutors of the observatory of the SEPE are identified in these areas.

In this regard, annually, are published the Report of the labour market stateand Reports of the provincial labour market. These reports provide details of the labour market situation present with hindsight that reflects the evolution and the tendency in the short term, socio-demographic, social security, recruitment, demand for employment and occupations.

TheRelating to the labour marketit is a monthly scorecard annual and state level with unemployment indicators, contracts and Social security.

TheAnnual bulletin of municipal labour marketsheets are some indicators of labour market who seek to bring us closer to the reality of work of the municipalities of Spain with or exceed the 100 workers affiliated to Social security.

In the Studies on mobility of people workersan analysis of the mobility for work in spain from three perspectives: geographical, sectoral and occupational health.

The report takes into account: the profile of the workers moving, the economic activities of companies that hire, occupations in which they are hired and different geographical Areas in which they move workers.

7 . 2 Scope of the occupations.

The link and recognition between labour supply and demand is through the occupation and is in that area that first reflects the possible imbalances that can exist. That is why the SEPE Observatory analyses the behaviour of occupations from profiles of employment required by businesses (tasks or functions that it has to play access requirements, tools, knowledge and other responsibilities, notably sofl skills or digital), since the profile of the individual contracted and changes in the volume of employment by occupation and from the profile of persons seeking employment.

InMonthly and annual information of the labour market by occupationby way of chips, describes the labour market at national level and by primary group of occupation, according to the national classification of occupations (CNO) of the national statistics institute (INE).

There are currently 502 primary groups of occupations. Provides information on contracts and plaintiffs that public employment services every month/year in each of the occupations. Data disaggregated according to different variables that make up a profile, showing your monthly and annual variations. It also provides information about the mobility of the labour market between the provinces/autonomous communities.

The profiles of employment is a publication of an annual basis starting in economic activities and occupations with better performance and prospects for employment, covers a significant sample of job offers published on websites of employment for working conditions offered by employers (type of contract offered, jornada, salary), as well as the profile of the candidate who require: the competences técnico-profesionales, cross-cutting skills, personal competencies and experience.

The adjustment of the labour supply and demandit is a publication edited by the first time in 2023 . Report is the result of the analysis of the outcome of the Quarterly Survey of Labour Cost of the national institute of statistics, of the annual survey Of the ministry of labour and Social Economy and sources of surveys and the Observatoire des Occupations. The results of the report presented by occupation, economic activities and the causes for produce these imbalances.

7 . 3 Scope of economic activities.

The approach to economic reality necessarily had to use this variable that incorporates both companies and their workers. The operation of a sector or of an economic activity has sufficient peculiarities to be analysed for achieving the greatest possible degree of disaggregation.

The study of economic activities allows a greater understanding of the functioning of each sector, the main means of creating jobs. That is where you express the technical changes, technological and organisational and its impact on employment, that it produces on occupational profiles, skills, working conditions or the level of employment, among others.

In this area, the observatory of the SEPE puts the emphasis on the study and the detection of potential deposits of employment and emerging sectors and new occupations associated with these sectors.

TheAnnual report of the labour market trendsprovides relevant information on the behaviour of different economic indicators and the macroeconomic perspectives could affect the behaviour of the labour market, as well as forecasts in the short and medium term, in order to anticipate.

The publication focuses on the analysis of sections and divisions of economic activities identified as best placed in the labour market and better prospects for employment creation, from the time series analysis and forecasting, as well as replenishment employment-generation system linked to, which is formed as the main source of employment generation.

The Observatory of occupations in the SEPE also conducts Sectoral perspective studies to understand what the economic activities and occupations that have better employment prospects in the short and medium term. Some of the sectors studied so far are related to advanced services businesses (and other ICT), activities of the circular economy, retail trade, equipment, logistics, gardening, automotive, renewable energy, tourism.

Figure ivEconomic activities and occupations in positive changes in procurementthe information collected from the point of view of the recorded recruitment information is disaggregated by groups. The data are adopted by the state and provincial levels and have a monthly and yearly basis.

7 . 4 Training area.

The Observatory of the SEPE addresses issues related to the field of training to the extent that it relates to the needs of the productive system to provide opportunities for improvement of employability, facilitate their integration into the labour market and as to ensure increased business productivity.

For this reason, generates information on the requirements and professional profiles demanded by the labour market with the aim of providing the lines that form the basis for the design of the programming of the educational opportunities and identified training needs for occupations with the contents of training are in line with the requirements of the performance of jobs related to those occupations.

The Report of detection of training needsdetects any possible deficiencies for jobs with training to be able to anticipate the needs of future qualification. Identifies training needs technical vocational skills, cross-cutting skills, personal skills, digital and languages.

ThePersonal skills for employment, also called "soft skills" or soft skills, are important for employability. The Observatory of occupations in the SEPE wants to contribute to the study “ 13 Key competences for employment: guest self personal competencies ” at the European Year of the powers to the value that deserve to personal competencies as relevant in the search, as in the maintenance of a job.

The Observatory of occupations in the SEPE has made this report in raising the personal competencies citizenship for employment more sued in the labour market. These competencies have been selected through the analysis of thousands of job vacancies have been identified from the standard for ESCO classification(European Skills, Competencies, Qualifications and Occupations).

ComPersonal is a free tool that will evaluate in red, fast and anonymous, personal skills and receive an immediate report of its level of competence.

7 . 5 Scope of profiles and specific communities.

The labour market is structured according to the personal characteristics of the labour force such as sex, age, level of education, qualifications, training for work, nationality, etc. The possibilities of integration and job adaptation can be aided or abused in function of these characteristics.

The current employment act identifies the priority groups or groups of persons with special difficulties of integration into the labour market to be potential recipients of the actions of the employment services to improve their employability and employment.

In this regard, the observatory of the SEPE addresses this analysis, and annually publishes the State reports of the groupswomen, young people under 30 years, foreign persons, persons over 45 years and persons with disabilities. Contain indicators for unemployment and contracts, of Social security and from the Encuesta de población Activa. With the same regularity and similar data published Collective provincial reports.

TheQuarterly newsletter of the labour marketprovides data at the national level, autonomous province of a general nature and disaggregated by the same groups of interest groups and similar information

TheLabour market by graduates displays the data of persons with university diplomas or in vocational training, registered in public employment services, either by having or having had contracts of employment, either for being registered as a jobseeker. The information is available for university degrees and by virtue of university degrees with educational programmes with common link, by parts of Regulated vocational training or for Certificates of professionalism.

7 . 6 Scope of communication, relationship and dissemination

To conclude with the list of products, the most innovative in this evolution of the observatory for occupations in the SEPE began from just over a year is the platform for information on employment and training to which we have called Hipatia. We have done our one of the thoughts that defined this important scientific and philosopher: “ to understand the things that surround us is the best preparation to understand the things that are beyond ”. The platform aims to become a place to meet and exchange of experiences and activities among experts and actors who know and involved in the labour market.

We intend to be a reference point for the whole of investigators, analysts and responsible for public and private institutions linked to the whole of the various areas of the labour market. This platform will have two spaces and two tools for consultation.

The first of the spaces is technical in nature, placed at the disposal of analysts and investigators in which, from different disciplines and methodologies, addresses the functioning of the labour market and the detection of training needs. This magazine Cahiers du Labour market, returning to work after several years without published and renewed and again in digital format to share and disseminate, to encourage research, analysis and information on the labour market.

The second space, that is spreading purposes, shall have the presence, initiatives and activities related to employment, training, mediation, guidance and other related disciplines. Is an open space agency and to focus activities on the employment situation from different perspectives, share experiences, knowledge and best practices on the analysis of the labour market.

With regard to the tools of consultation, on the one hand, the Training and Employment Barometer. Survey/survey conducted with a biannual basis, led a group of people who are experts with the aim of following up that allows us to identify changes in expectations, views and assessments on a range of issues relating to employment and training.

Moreover, the platform had permanently update the main labour-market indicators: an interactive space in which the information is provided of the recruitment and unemployment recorded taking into account the experiences of different variables.

Finally, to respond to the information needs of users of the observatory of the SEPE, studies are produced by themselves. This is the line on which work is currently underway.

However, the observatory of the SEPE is open to conduct studies in collaboration with other research teams. Promote market studies in concurrence with other through the creation of working groups for the transfer of knowledge, lessons and experiences accumulated. At present there are mechanisms for exchange of information and technical advice. The ultimate goal is to optimize the methodologies, validate and improve the indicators and variables used on this topic for the benefit of both institutions, with favourable results in citizenship.

Sometimes, the nature and size of the study, to be complicated to directly or in collaboration with other institutions, the external studies with companies of market research or consultants, as it was at the time of the establishment of this unit.

Interesting feature of the need for fostering and care is the dissemination of all products manufactured. If your ultimate goal is to be the instrument providers of information that helps to make decisions on matters of training for employment and labour produced the information must be put into circulation for users and customers can make a greater extent and timeliness in every moment. It is necessary to disseminate, propagate, disseminate, transmit, to communicate. The transparency of information causing and forced to improve management. In this regard, we still have a true journey, but … we are at it!

More detailed content, the usefulness, the applicability of each of the products manufactured the network of the observatory of the SEPE is set out in article “ The Observatory of occupations generator for career orientation ”. Irene Technical Bustamante, Pastor of the observatory for occupations in the SEPE.