The Beijing Platform for mental health and youth Employability ¹

In line with the reality displayed and the protection framework shown, emerge a comprehensive solution: Platform for mental health and youth Employability, a tool of FSMLR research and intervention designed to address unemployment and job precariousness determinants of social inequalities in the mental and emotional well-being of young people. This Platform the overall objective is to prevent the emergence of mental health problems because of lack of jobs or job precariousness among young people in the 16 to 35 years, through awareness-raising and promotion of alternative care of his mental and emotional well-being. Throughout this article end expository purposes, we can provide this innovative initiative how specifically addresses the challenges posed. In order to do so, firstly, will be shared with the methodology used in its first year of implementation, some of its main findings and recommendations for improving the reality of youth employment considering mental health.

Interviews semi-estructuradas to people who are experts in the subject were conducted. 13 semi-estructuradas interviews with people who are experts in: research in social inequalities in mental health; mental health care with young people; and work-related intervention for tracking and improvement of employment with young people (co-ordinators of programmes for youth employment, professors of employment, occupational guidance counsellors, social workers; trainers); and informers with responsibilities in political impact.

Moreover,

Through a specialization MOOC provides knowledge and practical tools, ensuring that expand knowledge and skills to improve the quality of interventions.

In addition, provide resources and detailed reports aimed at improving employability programmes from a mental health perspective, to propose evidence-based approaches to optimize the effectiveness of projects. Similarly, the participation in different seminars and the congress is presented as an opportunity to share good practices, as it encourages the continuing exchange of knowledge.

Finally, the possibility of direct referrals stands as a valuable service connects directly to individuals and professionals for support. In establishing this path of referral, easier access to our resources and specialized services. This is not only facilitates the process for those looking for support, but also strengthens the support network, creating synergies among professionals of different disciplines. This comprehensive approach recognizes that the mental health is an essential component of the quality of life, both for the young person, and for those who work in promoting the well-being.

If it is part of the classic frame empleo-desempleo, through the survey concludes that the youth unemployment situation presents a worse state of mental health. The difference in the total score of mental health (GHQ 28 ) is significant among young people in unemployment (M = 40 , 02 ) and employment (M = 29 , 79 ). Specifically, there are higher levels of social dysfunction ansiedad-insomnio, and severe depression in the youth on the situation of unemployment. There are significant differences in scores of suicide ideación (BHS) among young people in unemployment (M = 8 , 61 ) and employment (M = 6 , 37 ), with the participation of youth unemployment in those with higher levels of suicide ideación. Results that are consistent with reviewed scientific literature (Álvaro, 1992 ; Bartelink et al., 2019 ; Vancea et al., 2019 ).

On the one hand, on the size of objective job precariousness in young people, measured through the Precariousness of Multidimensional Employee (IPAM), introduced positive correlations of mental health, especially with the dimension of severe depression (rs = 0 , 31 ; p< 0, 01 ), and with the dimension of suicide ideación (rs = 0 , 23 ; p< 0, 05 ), rising levels of precarious employment measure objectively speaking, worse mental health assembly, to interact primarily to higher levels of severe depression and suicide ideación.

Compared to the young in precarious employment conditions of severe (PLS) from outside of these conditions (N-PLS) noted that the first (M = 35 , 41 ) have a general mental health the seconds (M = 26 , 31 ). In Particular young people in precarious employment severe immigrants achieve lower scores in somatic symptoms, in social dysfunction and severe depression. Similarly, youth in a position to PLS (M = 7 , 54 ) also presents greater levels of suicide ideación (Z = - 2 , 09 ; p< 0, 05 ) that youth with better jobs (M = 5 , 11 ).

Meanwhile, with regard to differences in mental health of youth in employment on various dimensions in precarious employment and subjective: job insecurity, through the scale Job Insecurity Scale (JIS- 8 ), as well as job satisfaction, the intention of giving up employment and the probability of giving up employment, measures through questions Likert- type 4 and Likert- 5 . It detects that you are at higher levels of job insecurity and intención-probabilidad of giving up employment, worse mental health and suicide ideación. On the contrary, increased levels of job satisfaction, a better state of mental health and lower levels of ideación suicide.

-Risk of suicide
The young people unemployed or most precarious jobs are at greater risk of suicide that young people with better jobs. For the score of ideación of suicide (BHS) the average youth unemployment (M = 8 , 61 ) and under more precarious (M = 7 , 54 ) are higher than the youth with better working conditions (M = 5 , 11 ). The results described in this subparagraph on mental health and suicide ideación, are in accordance with the observed by prior studies (Llosa et al., 2020 ) and eloquently demonstrate the relevance of the conditions of employment.

-Emotional
The 82 , 6 per cent of surveyed in youth unemployment and 68 , 1 per cent of young people in precarious employment conditions of severe considers that the labour situation determines negatively its emotional.

It transpires that the level of emotional well-being of youth unemployment and precarious employment is less than that of young people with jobs in better working conditions. For the score of the scale of Satisfaction with the life (SWLS; Vázquez et al., 2013 ), the average youth unemployment (M = 15 , 72 ) and under more precarious (M = 18 , 48 ), are significantly lower than those for young people with better working conditions (M = 23 , 49 ).

3 . 2 Psychological and emotional effects produced by unemployment and precarious employment

Young people unemployed or in precarious employment conditions of severe are least rely on professional success, as well as its goals and objectives in life. Similarly, these groups of young people are the most have been living a life without hope, think that is completely useless and feel they play a useful role in life. All of them, different psychological aspects addressed in the course of this subparagraph.

-Job insecurity and expectations to employment.

More than four out of ten young employed people is concerned by the continuity of his career ( 43 , 8 per cent) and feel uncertainty about the future of their work ( 46 , 5 %). Some feelings of uncertainty and concern that hinder articulate a sense or future direction to their career paths (Dueñas-rello, 2022 ).

In this line, a large proportion of people who are experts interviewed shares that unemployment is a major break in the professional and work expectations of many young people who live it as a fall, reaching engender feelings which reflect a lack of hope in the future (frustration, despair, disillusionment) and which may result in more complex clinical pictures such as depression, anxiety or feelings of ingobernabilidad of life:

“ becomes a vicious circle that affects the lack of confidence in themselves, to the lack of tools, low self-esteem, not to learn how to handle all that emotionally. And this is leading, if there is not, if not handled, as problems of anxiety, depression, demotivation ” (Technique of employment, social entity).

-Prospects to life

In this regard, the data gathered in this research, 65 , 7 per cent of young people with better working conditions considers that to achieve its goals and objectives in the life, 50 , 7 per cent of young people with employment in precarious conditions and the severe labour 42 , 7 % unemployed.

Similarly, the 70 , 3 % youth unemployment and in the survey 56 , 5 per cent of young people in precarious employment conditions of severe have been living life completely without hope.

-Identification of unemployment and precarious employment

A 71 , 5 % youth unemployment and a 56 , 5 per cent of young people in precarious employment situation of severe intends to do nothing; youth with better working conditions, where barely reaches 34 , 3 % Are young women, especially among young people with employment, and the low social classes, who have the highest percentages.

Likewise, 61 , 0 % youth unemployment and 46 , 4 per cent of young people more precarious employment feels that he is playing a much less or less useful in the life, 22 , 9 per cent of youth with better working conditions.

3 . 3 Addressing the mental health from youth employment

The 30 , 8 per cent of young people said that his mental health “ influences largely ” when taking decisions on their employment status and 37 , 2 % “ in any way ”. That is, almost seven out of ten young people ( 68 , 0 %) considers that the state of mental health is a dominant factor in their employability. A figure that rises significantly among young people with a worse perception on her mental health. 93 , 41 per cent of youth that considers to have a mental ill health believes that his mental condition their employability, compared to 37 , 8 per cent of those who believe have good mental health.

“ Both in finding employment as any aspect is very important, because if you are not well psychologically, nor art in other aspects of life ” (Young in unemployment, 33 years, with disabilities).

“ it is important to remain active, because, if you stay, you go to pump loop of doing nothing, and if you are active, but also when interview looks better. I believe it is important that, not abandoned ” (Young in unemployment, 27 years).

Lack of job security, in accordance with the professionals interviewed, generates an emotional and psychological wear can come to fruition to states for greater “ resignation ”, “ frustration ” or “ disappointment ” to the possibility of improving working conditions, especially at the prospect of achieving decent working conditions to emancipate themselves.

As has been explored previously, while the relationship between mental and employability is complex, the psychological and emotional distress influences the experience of access and improvement of employment, as well as on participation in itineraries and job resource. An analysis that we should deepen since, according to our sample of young people, more than four out of ten ( 42 , 8 %) or who have engaged in programmes of access to employment, and six out of ten them useful.

On her views and considering their mental health, it detects thatless than half ( 44 , 1 %) of the young population with unemployment mental ill health perceived as Useful To their participation in programmes of access to employment.In contrast, for the 81 , 3 per cent of youth unemployment in good mental health, to participate in access to employment at some point in his track record has been useful.

These data show that the mental health plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of employment programmes aimed at young people, as also point out a large proportion of women professionals interviewed:

“ it is true that many have been wounded self-esteem. Then, as a result of this are not capable of some things arise or seek employment or sought challenges beyond a simple work take money today to today ” (general Psychologist, social entity).

A state of mental health deteriorated may limit the active participation in programmes to improve the employment situation, such as attending the session, to participate in activities and use tools for finding employment.

- The young people to the psychological and emotional impact of unemployment and/or job precariousness. During the focal group, which was carried out with young people participating in the platform, was evident:
· the need of spaces and mutual support groups where you will agree with people who are in a similar situation.
• the availability of mental health in the itineraries of the social and employment and resources.
• having professionals with training and proficiency in mental health, which may facilitate the development of skills, psychological and emotional first aid providing psychological or emotional detect malaise along the routes ".

- General Challenges for the consolidation of psychosocial support from the perspective of professional staff. During the panel with professionals became apparent that:
● Resignify Their mental health care in the itineraries ".
• Improve the available means and equitable access to health in mental health.
• Consolidate a common framework.
• To Recognize and validate the youth labour itineraries.

3 . 4 Results of the statement made under the platform

The project has emerged in response to the urgent need to address the problems of mental health and youth employability. The active participation of various entities demonstrates the importance of access to services and actions that address these challenges, where the networking between different public administrations, third Sector organisations, schools and universities has been instrumental in improving the quality of responses to the needs of young people.

The intervention has generated a significant positive impact on mental health of young people unemployed or job precariousness. We have seen a reduction in the symptoms of anxiety and stress, as well as an increase in the perception of emotional, so this direct improvement in the mental health is a key indicator of Successful intervention. In Addition, we have managed to improve the access of young persons at the national level to mental and emotional well-being, therefore, the development of individual care and online group level has been essential, where more than 90 per cent of young people perceive an increased sense of ownership of his mental and satisfaction with the action.

Therefore, the positive assessment of actions, together with the perception that these contribute to improving their mental health, he stressed the effectiveness of the initiatives implemented, where youth has gained valuable tools that are not only beneficial their well-being present, but also a positive influence on their future.

In relation to actions aimed at professionals, you can highlight the supply of specialized training, the ru 400 people, considering the substance received is useful in their work and where more than 98 % claims to have improved their knowledge in mental health for intervention with young people. Furthermore, other initiatives such as the congress and the transfer seminars have had an indirect impact on more than 8 . 500 young people, in these spaces are has facilitated the exchange of good practices, strengthening effective collaboration among professionals.

Through various initiatives, there has been strengthening the capacities of various professionals involved with young people unemployed or precarious employment, thus creating a sustained commitment to the advancement and the improvement in the area of mental health and emotional well-being. For these reasons, the results indicate that the initiatives implemented have had a positive impact both professionals and young people, to contribute significantly to the improvement of mental health and youth employability.

According to research done, not all conditions of employment is an improvement in the general state of mental health of young people. That is, beyond employment, is to have decent employment, precarious employment conditions, which relates to a better state of mental health, lower risk of suicide and higher levels of emotional.

The data indicate high levels of uncertainty about the future of work and negative prospects for achieving life goals among young people surveyed.

In addition, it detects that a worse state of mental health, determined by the lack of employment or conditions of precarious employment conditions, has an impact on the employability of young or limiting the perception of usefulness of the resources and improvement of employment.

With regard to the needs, youth participant of the study expresses specific demands for support in the area of mental health be included in the itineraries of employment; an issue that the professional and share and agree that it is a challenge.

Throughout the development of this platform can be highlighted valuable lessons, noting that early intervention and the promotion of mental health are essential, as well as the importance of involving young people in decision-making and adapt interventions to their changing needs.

However, despite the efforts and positive results, there remain significant challenges in young people unemployed or in precarious employment situation, as the lack of stable employment opportunities remains an important factor that stressful underlines the need for the continuous engagement and to address broader systemic challenges.

In short, Platform for Mental health and Youth Employability