those who define the concept and the two main approaches to measure the wage gap (insightful and without adjusting) by emphasising that is the result of a complex interaction of labour, social causes, but also cultural. Finally highlighted the need for policies and structural reforms, to engage all key players, promote gender equality at all levels, give effect to the transparency in business and ensure effective compliance with labour legislation with regard to the principle of equal pay for work of equal value, with tools such as restorative registration, auditing and pay a correct appraisal of jobs with a gender perspective.

Las empresas sociales son esenciales para promover la cohesión social y mejorar las condiciones de vida de los grupos desfavorecidos en España, pero se necesitan políticas públicas que las apoyen para enfrentar desafíos futuros y garanticen su viabilidad. Así lo indican Cristina Bernard, Millán Díaz-Foncea y Elvira Plana que ofrece un análisis comparativo y datos estadísticos sobre la evolución y distribución de estas empresas en España, mostrando cómo cada tipo se adapta a las necesidades específicas de los colectivos que atienden. Además, subraya que el modelo organizativo y el marco legal de estas empresas favorecen un entorno de trabajo inclusivo, con estructuras de gobernanza participativa que fomentan un ambiente equitativo y de apoyo para los empleados vulnerables.

On the basis that the talent is distributed equally between men and women, there was a growing concern and sensitivity to gender inequality. This is not just a matter of justice and equity issues, but also of efficiency, in the sense that, if any barriers or obstacles that impede women can develop on equal opportunities with men, we would be lost part of the talents of half of the population Is considered to be so. Brindusa Anghel and J. Ignacio Conde-Ruizenin this article in which estimates the gender pay gaps adjusted in Spain, using the Wage Structure survey since 2002 up 2018 . The main outcome of the working group is that, for the first time in history, the adjusted pay gap increases between 2014 and 2018 thus, truncándose descending the path we have been noting since the beginning of the twenty-first century. In any case, the results achieved in the article underscore that, in terms of wages, women are in a worse situation than men with similar characteristics observable. This is a loss of talent and potential growth that no economy can afford, let alone in a context of population ageing in which we find ourselves.

Three aspects of the “ modes of incorporation ” suffered by immigrants in labour markets in host countries are segmented labour assimilation, a concentration in jobs that they may be characterized as “ 3 P ” (Painful, dangerous and insecure jobs) and the frequency of discriminatory acts. This is stipulated Lorenzo Cachónwho provides information on recent developments of these ideas in academic literature, especially Spain. In turn considers that these “ laws of steel to dominate the field of the processes of integration of immigrants in the labour market (and in other areas of social life) does not mean that they should be accepted as inevitable. You can fight them from the field of politics and of the various actors committed to achieve a fairer integration of immigrants and other groups with include problems within our societies.

Lorenzo Serrano, ángel Soler and Fernando Pascual

The labour market is affected by sociological issues, which create gaps in the recruitment and two of the most consolidated gaps are making reference to women and persons with disabilities sen soria i, physical or intellectual impairments. When it comes to women with disabilities, the gap is multiplied. So the notes Enric Nomdedéu he who gives account of different measures taken by the general Valencia na, the central government and ngos. This set of programmes and measures have been aimed at addressing one of the main problems faced by the group of women with disabilities in the labour market such as unemployment and precarious employment, i.e. jobs of poor quality and low wages.

Two critical areas stand out among young people as cornerstones of welfare and future success: employability and mental health. On the one hand, we are dealing with an uncertain labour market, little hopeful and precarious for young people. Furthermore, his mental seems to be increasingly weakened, inter alia, by the labour issue. This has been identified from the Fundación Santa maría la Real, which have implemented the beijing platform for mental health and youth employability. In this article share the methodology used in its first year of implementation, some of its main findings and recommendations for improving the reality of youth employment considering mental health. Among the conclusions reached should not, in all walks of life of labour activity constitutes an improvement in the general state of mental health of young people and beyond have employment, is to have decent employment, precarious employment conditions, which relates to a better state of mental health, lower risk of suicide and higher levels of emotional.

who explore the differences of these advances at the beginning of the professional careers of young graduates associated with your family origin measured in terms of the level of education of parents, through a subsample of the survey of Employment of university 2019 . The major results reflect one disadvantage of young graduates with parents and less-skilled workers in its initial job placement, in different areas such as the duration of search and working conditions of the first job. At the same time shows that the support provided by educational institutions to the integration of university graduates contributes significantly to reduce the differences associated with the family origin.

in the framework of the european union specifically with regard to the income gap, poverty, cost and housing, employment, of human capital and digital. Conclude that the sense of neglect of these areas creates dissatisfaction with governments and democracy in general, so that policies should focus on addressing these gaps and its underlying causes. These policies highlighted to invest in education and training in rural communities, facilitate access digital, involve rural communities in the design and implementation of policies and innovative solutions to provide essential services.

The roma population is one of the groups in situations of greater social vulnerability and who suffers a multidimensional and structural inequality in spain; a situation exacerbated by the factor of discrimination and antigitanismo. in addition to identify the situation highlighted that the situation of roma women is worse than men gypsies in any of the indicators analysed. The inequality gap determined by the status of being a woman is highly significant and affects all aspects: the labour situation, in educational levels, in family responsibilities and even in low expectations and little chance of outreach and advocacy. In this context since the fundación Secretariado Gitano has defended the need to implement programmes and activities adapted to the reality and the profile of the roma people, as has been the browser to access.

Raquel drawn from that age had to sustain a pencil, and tell stories drawn is what you like best. Their bullets have appeared in the media, such as Mongolia, Jot Down, On thursday, Píkara, Principia, networks of Catalunya Ràdio and TV Els matins 3 drew, where today live during seven seasons. Authored comics as The periodic table of books and the wonderful such as age, number by which 2021 received prizes of the journal of public tenders into better and better dash of humor. drawing Has published several books with the Clear mathematical divulgadora Grima edited in france, canada, China and south korea, and has curated exhibitions for the Conscience ConHumor IQH as Pompeii or Núria: yesterday, today and always, the latter with Pepe Gálvez.

The differences in wages between different genders not come from both the differences in pay regulated or established in the convention, and into the labour market of social discrimination suffered by women to join the productive activity of monetary and during the so highlighted. Javier Baquero and Santos M. Ruesga, those who believe that we have to deepen the differential features the use of man and woman to understand in depth the dispersion in the wages between them. The differences become reality, of the one hand, on the discrepancies observed in the insertion in the labour market between genders and, subsequently, in the career of both and, moreover, during the time frame and dedication to the labour market (paid) and the competition is established for this purpose, between paid work and household chores and care for others, to the detriment of women in access and compensation in the first. That is why they note that to reduce the income gap proves to be borne by society as a whole lot of the costs of caring for children, dependent and/or higher. That is social policy go in the family - pure state, one of our main shortcomings and this is the path that transit countries are getting better results on gender equity, particularly in the area of employment.

In this issue addresses two central themeson the one hand, the gaps and inequalities of the labour market and other estimates and trends related to employment and the economy. In addition, contributions related to management of the SEPE, methodologies, training and legislation. For this we have had such collaborations of experts and professionals in the Field of academic research and the management of organizations and public and private entities.

, who on the basis of the investigations being carried out since Eurofound, factors affecting the participation of older workers the labour market in various european countries. Among others, highlights the discrimination of older workers, working conditions, health, the composition of households, education or the new forms of work and digitalisation. In turn identify various policies to keep older workers in the labour market or reincoroporarlos at the same ranging from encouraging delayed retirement age to subsidising the employment of older persons or facilitate their return after a long illness. Among the findings highlighted that in order to build sustainability in the work and maintain both physical and mental wellbeing of workers over careers ever longer, innovative solutions are needed to act on the conditions of work, the entire professional career, the required skills and training, motivation to remain in work and impact on productivity.

Young people in spain have faced for decades a difficult to enter the labour market, with high rates of unemployment and insecure employment so highlight. Aida Caldera and Adolfo Rodríguez, affecting the quality of jobs available for many young people is also deficient abound: temporary jobs and part-time work and, in comparison with other age groups and countries, the remuneration and working conditions are worse. Younger people are also more likely to accept non-standard working hours, such as working at night and sunday. Collect the options discussed in the economic survey of 2023 in spain for the OECD feel that their employment prospects can be enhanced by strengthening vocational guidance during their studies and making education available appropriate more closely with the demands of the labour market. A public employment service better funded and well connected with organizations and local firms is also key to incorporate more unemployed youth employment.