The labour market is perhaps the most complex, for being directly affected by cross-sociological, creating gaps in recruitment. Two of the most consolidated are making reference to women, and persons with disabilities sen soria i, physical or intellectual impairments. When it comes to women with disabilities, the gap is multiplied.

However, we should interpret this result with some caution, given that if there is a test of the equality of the coefficients of the variable “ women ” in the estimates for the years 2014 and 2018 we cannot reject the null hypothesis that these coefficients are equal. Therefore, will have to wait until the next wave of the ess year 2022 to confirm whether the gap has remained the same, continued to decline or is a change of trend.

In this article gives an account of the various corrective measures in that regard were taken from the Generalitat valencia na during the period 2015 - 2023 . Support programmes for training and employment. It also collect other follow-up, launched by the Central government and ngos.

Keywords: Training, integration, support measures, sheltered employment market and transit,

The job market is perhaps the most complex due to being directly affected by sociological issues that create gaps in employment. Two of the most established gaps are those related to women and people with sensory, physical, or intellectual disabilities. When it comes to women with disabilities, the gap multiplies.

• Non-inclusive work environment: 7 each 10 employees work in non-inclusive to persons with disabilities.
• Employment focused on the services sector and in elementary occupations: cleaning and similar, labourers, manufacturing industries, waiters, caretakers and monitoring assistants and clerks.
• Excessive family protectionism.
• Mistrust in the recruitment of persons with disabilities by entrepreneurs.
• Belief excessive low productivity and absenteeism.
• Breach of the quota for the insertion of 2 % minimum of recruitment of persons with disabilities in enterprises 50 or more employees.
• Inadequate infrastructure is limited the number of buildings, streets and areas that are really suitable for persons with motor disabilities can travel without any inconveniences. Lack of responsiveness of jobs and removal of barriers: enterprises not adapting jobs, even though there are subsidies for this.
• Ignorance of the general public, and entrepreneurs, government officials and persons with disabilities in particular, of aid and existing tools in support of the insertion of persons with disabilities.
• Ignorance by entrepreneurs of the productivity of some types of disabilities, in some cases beyond the productivity of persons without disabilities. Above all, in some work, repetitive and low-skilled.
• Low self-esteem of persons with disabilities.
• Barriers in the intangible level, mainly marked by prejudice and stereotypes that continue to be settled within the companies.
• Insertion of the majority of disability in special employment centres (sheltered employment).

Among the causes the exceptionality to compliance with the booking fee in favour of persons with disabilities (obligation to recruitment of a 2 % minimum of persons with disabilities in enterprises 50 or more workers established in the consolidated text of the General law on rights of persons with disabilities) and the implementation of alternative measures, as well as the reservation of contracts in favour of the EEC social initiatives.

We can conclude that the main problems faced by the group of women with disabilities in the labour market are unemployment and precarious employment, i.e. jobs of poor quality and low wages. These areas is significantly affect their emancipation and history. The consequences of frustration, underemployment and descualificación cause immediate damage and create additional burdens impeding progress towards independent living.

Women with disabilities, must be prepared to enter the labour market, so that they can get a job. To that end, it is essential to enhance their employability, placing special emphasis on improving their educational level and special training to the needs of the labour market; in addition, their capacity to enable him to a job.

We know that the educational level is a mechanism of protection against unemployment and a strong incentive for the population to be incorporated into the labour market. The lower educational levels will be neglected, and will increasingly deteriorate its position. Therefore, accentuated inequality in employment. For them, the future is extremely precarious.

To that end, the public authorities have a huge responsibility. In this article is intended to analyse the situation in the valencia Valencia na and government actions implemented at the session 2015 - 2023 to reduce the double gap and make progress towards an inclusive labour market for groups with special difficulties and their integration into society, including persons with disabilities, soria l, physical, mental or cognitive and especially if they are women.

Since the Consell, of the strategic focus on improving the training of the community and the fostering of stable employment and quality, where people with disabilities have specific policies to promote employment, without losing sight of the comprehensive care of this group.

These powers were felt in A JUDGE, public service Valencia non-employment and training.

Training

With regard to job training, programmes and actions targeted at women with disabilities and support actions complementary staff

A first programme through the resolution 30 december 2021 , which approved the convening for the provision of grants for the conduct of training actions aimed primarily unemployed persons and the training of staff commitment from the budget period 2022 In that resolution, it was established that, in general, and always comply with the profiles required, will have priority for the purposes of participation in the course, women and vulnerable groups, including expressly indicated to persons with disabilities (including permanent disability for the profession customary) .Esta realidades paralelas, also maintained between the objective conditions for granting subsidies, the secretary-general's assessment that the applicant count in your template with a rate equal to or higher than 20 per cent of persons with disabilities or individuals concerned with serious mental disturbance or very serious, valorándose proportionately lower percentages.

It was also expressed their appreciation for the positive actions to ensure and promote equality between women and men. In this regard, it was established that in the deed of constitution or statutes inscribed in the register, should appear as objective of this work in favour of equality of men and women, and in the event that the entity stipulate not write constitution or statutes providing responsible statement to that effect. The entities subject to a public function in terms of personnel meet this requirement prescription of law. The entity should prove to have an equality Plan as adopted, and duly registered in the register established for that purpose.

Created an order of aid, in a form of programming, to be implemented by entities, to provide training adapted to the needs of the relevant collective, exclusively for students, or at risk of social exclusion, or persons with cerebral palsy, mental or intellectual disabilities and persons with physical disability or sen soria l, with a disability degree equal or exceed the 33 per cent.

Aware that within the group of people with disabilities, there is also a certain gradation of difficulties, and that those disabilities related to mental health are among the most hidden, created the Regional Strategy on Mental health, worked with the Mental health Units, this led to a community care model based on the recovery of persons with mental health problems and make all the resources existing in your area.

But also the required an improvement in their training, which is why the order was given 30 december 2021 , which adopted the convening of subsidies for the conduct of training actions. It established priority in participation in the programme for women and vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities. In Addition, it reflected a valuation criterion referred to the social inclusion, in which it would appreciate it that the applicant was backed on its staff with a rate equal to or higher than 20 per cent of persons with disabilities, or individuals concerned with serious mental disturbance or very serious. It would appreciate it that the entity committed to form a proportion equal to or exceeding 10 per cent of persons with disabilities (with a level equal to 33 %) or individuals concerned with serious mental disturbance or very serious, in the total number of students to be in accordance with the training programme.

Finally, setting out the assessment of positive action to ensure and promote equality between women and men. This should be in his deed of constitution or the regulations, and have an equality Plan adopted in accordance with the law.

It was also launched a joint programme empleo-formación called Escoles d ’ Ocupació “ Et Formem ',intended for people with difficulties entering the labour market or belonging to vulnerable groups, was held specifically within the proceedings that were designed to encourage the recruitment, employment creation or the preservation of jobs, especially for those groups had greater difficulty in access to or stay in employment.

In the regulation, with a general nature, and always meet the requirements, would have priority, for purposes of involvement in programmes, women and persons with difficulties entering the labour market or belonging to vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities.

Finally, support actions complementary staff. Scholarships and aid of transportation, subsistence and accommodation arrangements that would reconcile the assistance to the training to care for minor children or family dependents, for people who participate in the educational opportunities in WORK, in accordance with the law 30 / 2015 , 9 september, to give unemployed persons participating in the training courses. In accordance with the royal decree 694 / 2017 , 3 july, the granting of scholarships for persons with disabilities and its economic strength was growing year after year.

Insertion

But an improvement in the training alone was clearly insufficient to increase substantially the incorporation of the collective to the labour market, therefore, established a series of programmes of assistance to the recruitment, aware that in order to ensure and fulfil the right of persons with disabilities to work on a par with the rest of citizenship, it became necessary to promote specific plans that should be strengthened and employment policies and to act as a fundamental instrument in the social inclusion. To this effect was created on The Autonomous Community Plan of employment and training for people with diverse Comunidad Valenciana (AVALEM DIVERSITAT).

It was launched on Plan Valencia not for the inclusion and Social cohesion 2017 – 2022

An additional were complemented by various programs whose specific final recipients were persons with disabilities and severe functional diversity, including persons with intellectual disabilities with a degree of disability or functional diversity equal or exceed the 33 per cent.

Resolution 15 february 2022 , which conducts public subsidies for the creation or maintenance support units professional activity, regulated in the order 13 / 2018 , 31 august.
It was granted to the costs of the members of the support units: support for the amount of up to 1 . 200 €per year for each worker with functional diversity severe EEC contracted in full-time, aid to finance the costs and social-security and technical support units professional activity. The final recipients of this programme were persons with disabilities or severe functional diversity, namely, persons with cerebral palsy, functional diversity or intellectual disabilities or mental illness with a degree recognized equal or exceed the 33 %. Also persons with disabilities or physical disability or sen soria l, with a degree recognized equal or exceed the 65 per cent.

Moving from protected employment to the ordinary Company

The decree 44 / 2022 , 22 april, provided aid to businesses contratasen ordinary workers with disabilities from a labour enclave ¹ It was in order to grant aid, that 60 percent, at a minimum, workers of the enclave presented special difficulties in access to regular market, considering including in this section to women with disabilities with a degree of disability recognized equal or exceed the 33 . The collaborating companies that hired directly and indefinitely any worker labour enclave, had had the right to a subsidy equal to 50 S.M.I. per cent of the 2022 for every year of compulsory maintenance of the post ( 2 years) for each contract ended work full-time held by a supporting organisation with a worker with functional diversity from a special centre prior signing of an employment contract labour enclave.

In addition, a grant by adapting the workplace and elimination of architectural barriers which we will achieve the 1 . 803 €per person hired another one. And by adapting the workplace and elimination of architectural barriers which we will achieve the 1 . 803 €per person hired.

Finally, those special employment centres to apply workers with disabilities in ordinary company, after an itinerary of insertion, could access to grants of up to 3 . 000 €for each worker hired by ordinary company indefinitely and full-time basis, provided that the recruitment had arisen through the intermediary of a special employment centre

Regular market area of work:

Resolution 27 december 2021 , which convened on the exercise 2022 :

• The programme of promotion of indefinite hiring of vulnerable groupsin the territorial scope of the valencia Valencia na, regulated in the order 10 / 2018 , 12 july(AVALEM ANYS).Intensified aid up 95 SMI per cent of women with disabilities and to the 100 per cent in the case of women with severe disabilities.
• The programme of promotion of the temporary recruitment of persons with severe in the territorial scope of the valencia Valencia na, regulated in the order 10 / 2018 , 12 july, in this case, subvencionaba the temporary recruitment of persons with severe disabilities.
• Thegrants to employment programmewith support in the regular market, regulated in the order 21 / 2016 , 20 consideration of octubre.Bajo that decent work constitutes the guarantee of access to full social integration, this programme subsidized support identified working people with severe functional diversity in the regular working market, in order to enable labour skills and acquire the required for the performance of a job. Outside the individual support to specific individuals, this programme aims at ensuring a more ambitious objective: to contribute to look upon a collective that society must recognize their capacities and not by its limitations.

In addition, was released the resolution 10 february 2022 , which convened on the exercise 2022 grants to finance pilot projects in the employment services in public universities valencia nas, according to the 4 / 2020 . This new programme was aimed at the granting of grants to promote innovative projects that encourage or experimental job, developed by the employment services in public universities valencia nas, which could benefit persons with disabilities and mental health problems.

Finally, deserves particular mention a number of programmes and specific aid for women submitted under the umbrella brand positioning:

AVALEM GIFTS

The effort made by the Valencia Valencia na in recent years, there has been done by the state and civil society. They all deserve specific mention, in order to understand in all its breadth of the progress that has been achieved, and continue to occur in the coverage.

• New regulation of alternative measures that focus on the exceptional nature of the breach of the booking fee, which will result in an active tool geared towards the fulfilment of the quota and the reform of the alternative measures to provide a real alternative employment for persons with disabilities, equivalent to the left of recruiting persons for the company exempt.
• Revision of the employment programme with support in the regular market.
• Simplification of the legislation regulating labour enclaves (R.D. 290 / 2004 ), reducing requirements and updating the amount to recruitment. It is necessary to place particular Emphasis on the momentum of incentives transit from the labour market to protect the ordinary market.
• Establishment of a distinctive to endorse that companies promote interaction of persons with disabilities through equality.
• Special emphasis on persons with disabilities who presented special difficulties of access to the labour market.
• Strengthening the connection formación-trabajo: self-employment and employed workers.

STRATEGY FOR ACTIVE SUPPORT TO EMPLOYMENT 2021 - 2024 adopted by the royal decree 1069 / 2021 , 4 december (B.O.E. Of 7 december), as a result of the work of the specific working group on active employment policies in favour of disabled persons, to:

• It has taken on the analysis, review and policy framework of state programmes of active employment policies targeted in an integrated manner to promote labour inclusion of persons with disabilities, among others: royal decree 818 / 2021 , 28 september, which governs the activation programmes for the use of the national system of Employment.
• It will prepare the white paper on employment for persons with disabilities in collaboration with the General directorate of disability, of the Ministry of social rights and Agenda 2030 the social partners, the autonomous communities and representative entities of the disability sector.

Public policies for employment of women with disabilities, government of Spain

The Institute of women of the ministry of equality of the government of Spain, through the CLARA Programme,aims to increase the employability of women at risk or of exclusion, which face special difficulties in entering the labour market, through better preparation for employment.

The programme is aimed at the following target groups of women: victims of domestic violence, perpetrators of family nuclei, over 45 years without qualifications, young people, belonging to ethnic minorities, immigrants, women with disabilities,

This programme is in the design of an integrated and personalized integration into society and the labour market that takes into account, both, the specific needs of every woman, as its starting point. It does so through an interactive methodology from the gender perspective, which work/professional personal aspects of female participants from various measures aimed at increasing their self-esteem, occupational training, labor intermediation and enter the labour market.

CERMI Women foundation

The Foundation CERMI women is a non-profit organization in spain which was set up in 2014 by the comité español de Representantes de Personas con Discapacidad (CERMI) for the protection and action for the full enjoyment of all human rights and freedoms of women and girls with disabilities. It provides, among many other actions:

• Legal advice and support for women with disabilities and mothers and caregivers of family members with disabilities who are victims of violence or discrimination.
• Development of digital tools accessible, user-friendly for women and girls with disabilities for self-defence; strengthening of the individual and collective empowerment of women and girls with disabilities, formándolas in defending their rights, activándolas socially and to improve their networking; specialized training for the care, support and assistance to women and girls with disabilities.
• Since the territories through contratos-programa with autonomous CERMIs asesoramieno, and to governments and other stakeholders on how cross-sectional address gender and disabilities in public policy.

Policies for employment of persons with disabilities of COCEMFE Valencia Valencia na

The movement's territorial Federations COCEMFEthe valencia Valencia na (confederacíon española de Personas con Discapacidad física y orgánica) have labour market intermediation services focused on the needs in Alicante Castelló and, Valencia .

Services for persons with disabilities:

• Information and advice on job orientation and search of occupation. Access to job offers in accordance with the professional profile.
• Access to the programme FEATURESthe Obra Social La Caixa.
• Search workshops of occupation.
• Programmes of Insertion Social-laboral. Social information, Information and referrals to training.
• In enterprises.
• Services for companies:
• Information and advice on disability: legislation, aid for recruitment,
• Pre-selection of post profiles according to the defendant.
• In the shipment of candidates from our own stock exchange.
• Cooperation agreements to establish partnerships with positive impact on the company.
• Mediation for alternative measures to comply with the booking fee of employment, awareness-raising actions …
• Improvement of corporate reputation, commitment to values, inclusion and acceptance of diversity.
• Participation in days of CSR, awareness-raising or volunteering with our partnerships.
• Choose awards and commendations for actions undertaken by labour inclusion.

Programme Incorporates the Fundación La Caixa

The Programme Incorporates boosts the sociolaboral integration of people at risk of exclusion because of the commitment of the technical Features and corporate partners.

Actions:

• Mediation in employment.
• Improves employability through training to enhance social and labour skills.
• Formations to include companies that will facilitate your entry into employment.
• Advice on the creation of an own business through Self-Employment.
• Momentum of different initiatives in order to ensure equal opportunities for groups with special difficulties in accessing the labour market:
• Second reincorporates, creates opportunities for persons deprived of liberty, and Mental health, removing the barriers on mental health.

Fundación ONCE, ODISMET Observatory Of Work

In its data bank, in the gender perspective, you can find a compilation of the most important indicators of the observatory for the purpose of highlighting the differences at the occupational integration of women with disabilities.

Reflects the main national results 2020 concerning:

• Demographic characteristics partner of women with disabilities.
• Educational level of women with disabilities.
• Relation to employment of women with disabilities.
• Recruitment of women with disabilities

INSERTA Program

The INSERTA Program of Fundación ONCE is focusing on large companies who bet on the development of projects to boost employment of persons with disabilities in their staff. Is a specific action plan in line with the business, strategy and needs of each company will Insert, as well as with the development of policies of RSE-D sustainable over time and sources of economic and social value.