Summary
Abstract
The option of unemployment benefit in the form of a single payment generates an undeniable reactivation of the economy, allowing private activity's investment that would not otherwise be found.
It is an instrument that does not entail an additional cost for the public sector, but allows the entrepreneurs economic reactivation.
It should be noted that most of the labor sector in our country is produced and generated in small and medium-sized enterprises, to become essential for the growth of employment.
This article aims to analyse the long-term impact of this employment promotion measure, in order to be able to assess and make decisions in the future.
1. Introducción
There are three scenarios that in the long term can be found who had failed to capitalize on the provision. On the one hand, maintaining the activity for which sought payment Only, which would make it as a Success, even more so if it had proceeded to recruit new employees, which would have further contributed to the reduction of unemployment.
A second stage, in which the beneficiary of the measure would have had to desist from the activityreincorporándose, in the labour market under conditions similar to those before delivery to capitalize on, in which case the measure would not have been a Success, while also could be considered failure. In this case, it would be necessary to analyse the time from operating in high because, having had, at least, the time remaining for completion of the provision could not be a bad valuation.
Finally, we must analyse the situation of persons who, having acceded to the modality of charging fees in payment had finalized the activity on a far more critical than they had before, still gaining aid and benefits such as a subsidy, renta activa de inserción (minimum wage income or exclusion of any administration. On this group, however small, it would be necessary to find some degree of integration into the labour market
2 . Capitalizing unemployment: policy analysis
The Law 31 / 1984 , 2 august, unemployment protection, created the possibility of using employment promotion was the possibility of paying unemployment benefit in a single payment. This option was executed through the royal decree 1044 / 1985 , 19 june, which regulates the payment of unemployment benefit in their mode of payment for the present value of its amount, as a measure for promoting employment.
The Royal Decree has been amended on several occasions, the most recent being produced in the year 2023 while the Royal Decree Law 7 / 2023 , 19 december, was not being validated by the council of ministers, there are other amendments that have been adopted.
In this way, it is produced in our legal system, the only case of recognition of the contributory unemployment benefit, with no legal status by unemployment, as it would take it as such, claim the payment request subsequently in the form of payment.
In this case, as the requirement of effective control of society and that is starting or constituted less than a year ago to the request of the single payment scheme. It allows for up to the 100 % of the allowance is payable.
Charges as programme implementation can be included both for the fixed assets or property, plant and as a current asset ratio., as well as costs for the servicing of the local, fee payment of franchise, transfer, high costs of supplies …
Done this first approach to the fund, we shall now proceed to the submission, analysis and justification of the research.
3 . Capitalizing experience unemployment: Barcelona ( 2019 - 2022 )
First, and as application of the study, we have taken all the people who have asked for the recovery of compensation in the form of payment in a province Barcelona between 2019 to 2022 .
It is stressed that the year data 2020 were heavily damaged the effect produced by the pandemic Covid- 19 , that reduced the requests of capitalization and on the other causes increased dropout rate by those who had capitalized in previous years, especially of entrepreneurs who had consolidated its commercial activity, or who for various reasons could not invoke the entirety of the aid offered by the public sector.
The data shown in the graphs above correspond to the total number of users who capitalizaron within the timeframe specified the amount and proportion that capitalizaron.
We note that there is a clear correlation between the number of persons and the amount, in the first three years, however, in the past year, 2022 there is an average increase that amount are capitalized, resulting in almost a 10 %. This indicates that those that have acceded to this modality in the year 2022 with little provision consumed, with benefits or more your base figure. In this regard the first three years of study is now around 12 . 475 an average of eur, whereas in the year 2022 this average is 13 . 372 , which implies thousand euros over capitalization, exceeding even earlier findings to the pandemic.
These data, appear to be inversely proportional to the model of capitalization, so the earlier findings to the pandemic, show the capitalization to register as a self-employed is higher in proportion. 2019 more than 80 per cent did so in this modality, while in the years 2021 and 2022 has fallen to 74 %, increasing in a 7 % dedicated to the creation or incorporation into public limited companies with less than one year.
Given the trend operated in forms and amounts of requests for payment of compensation in the form of payment, we shall begin with the analysis of peacekeeping activity in which capitalized, abandonment and the situation of years later, those who have failed in its initiative to self-employment.
This study will include an analysis based on the following parameters for the maintenance of activity for which have agreed to the provision in the form of payment:
- Those that have retained the exercise of the activity for more than two years.
- Those that have retained the exercise of the activity for more than four years. We are not discussing the effect to the three years as the variation between the second and third year, is very similar to that produced between the third and fourth year, assuming a clear decrease of neglect, and it has been decided to the joint analysis of the two years.
- Those who after the fund have come to a worse situation than at the time of the realization of the law, remains in charge of a grant or an income of exclusion.
The first, those who have remained at least one year from operating in high, it is noted that the pandemic clearly was a decline in the absolute number, but in any case maintains the proportion of total, as shown in figure where we analyse the per cent of the first year, it notes that the largest diversion is produced between 2021 and 2022 , only 5 per cent.
With regard to data from past two and four years since the beginning of the fund, we see in the following charts that maintains a constant, except the capitalizations produced in the year 2020 , that the second year collapsed, giving of low self-employed and used as much as employees. This situation does not deserve more analysis than that of a situation produced largely as a result of the pandemic itself and the impact of employment in the same, leading to a large number of persons to the fund, as a result of the current uncertainty, although, once regularized the situation in all its aspects, produced dropout made self-employment.
In the following charts we see the level of neglect in the fund, in the first, second and fourth year. In this regard we see that it maintains a constant in where between the time of adoption of the measure and the first year is lost an average of 29 %, which means that the 71 % with the past these initial activity 365 days.
Among the first and second year, the percentage loss drops dramatically, becoming an average of a 12 %, by what we saw a clear consolidation of the activity and allows us to make a more positive assessment of the measure. It must be borne in mind that as much during this second annuality should have exhausted the unemployment benefit to those who would have failed to capitalize on the maximum amount and thus we see that the measure has been a more than obvious repayment of the amount of money invested.
Finally, we look at the levels of dropout among the second and third years, while the graphic itself, presents a clear distortion caused by the pandemic, so that the uncertainty and alteration to the same place in the labour market, which led to many beneficiaries agreed to this form of benefit is paid, but that the evolving situation of the market and society in those months led to the failure of its activity, returning to the regular labour market once the situation.
In this regard, the percentage is situated in a 25 per cent, while, barring the entry for those who capitalizaron in the year 2020 the input is reduced to a 4 per cent.
The study of these data, it follows that this is a good measure of employment promotion, where the highest incidence of abandonment is the first year, demonstrating a consolidation in the second and a clear stability from the third year since the measure was granted.
It is worth, however, analysis of this total number of people that they have been driven to abandonment, what percentage has not been able to increase in the labour system, and it can be found in a situation of exclusion and beneficiary of income being social.
In this regard, of the total data are analysed, 25 people who are currently taking any of these benefits, which is a 6%. While there is a 0 , 23 per cent of applicants who do not currently are neither in the activity for which capitalizaron or gaining any benefits or have been incorporated into another company.
It is clear that, upon comparison between data, it is possible to conclude the success of the measure, as the 53 per cent is kept in the activity for which has capitalized within four years, while the group of persons who are in critical situation in terms of their employment situation, merited thorough consideration and adoption of any measures to prevent fact capitalize can lead to a situation of such nature.
Finally the comparative analysis of the institution analysed, it should be noted that several countries in the European Union that have similar measures for the promotion of employment, while Italy which has a more similar to english, implemented through Naspi Ancipado, allowing even for the payment of contributions of self-employed individuals for the first six months after the capitalization of the provision.
